自由情感论

On Free Emotions

人类存在着两类不同性质的情感:自由情感和必然情感。所谓自由情感指的是刺激源和这种情感对象之间没有任何直接的利害关系条件下所产生的情感。自由情感大部分属于纯粹的精神或者心理层面,只是一种心理体验。所谓必然情感则指的是刺激源和情感对象之间存在着明显的功利关系或所属关系条件下所产生的情感。这些刺激源或者能直接带给刺激对象直接的好处或害处,这类刺激源多半是外在的客体;或者本身就隶属于情感对象的一部分生理机能,它们主要指那些内在的自然的生命欲求。所以必然情感实质上是一种因果性情感或者功利性情感。一般地说,现实中的绝大部分爱情、亲情和友情都属于必然情感,而以自由情感方式存在的爱情、亲情和友情则是现实中的稀缺资源。不过这一缺憾因为艺术品的存在而得以弥补。艺术品虽非天然的审美客体,然而,在同等条件下,艺术品较之其他审美客体更容易引发审美主体的自由情感,因为艺术品跟审美主体之间最缺乏明显的实际利害关系。

Free emotion and dependant emotion are two different emotions existent in human beings. The former is stimulated by such an object that has no any direct utility relations with the emotional subjects, mostly attributable to a reaction of pure spirit or mentality, and just to a kind of mental feeling, On the con- trary, the latter happens when there exists obvious utility or possesional relations between the stimuli and the emotional subjects. Some of these stimuli which are usually external objects can bring actual gains or losses to the emotional subjects; while some others, which mainly refer to natural human desires, are attached to the partial physiological function of the emotional subjects. Thus, the dependant emotion is virtually the causal or utilitarian one. Generally speaking, most of love, kinship and friendship are actually of the. de- pendant emotion , but love, kinship and friendship in the form of free emotions are rather scarce in reality. Fortunately, this scarcity can be compensated owing to the existence of the artworks. Although artworks aren＇ t natural aesthetic objects, they can trigger the free emotion of the aesthetic subjects much more easily than other aesthetic objects under equal conditions because of the shortage of the evident practical utility between them.