氮磷钾与锌肥配合施用对土壤和植株养分含量的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium and Zinc Fertilizers on Soil and Plant Nutrient Content

采用大田长期肥料定位试验,研究了氮磷钾与锌肥长期配合施用对小麦和玉米产量以及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:连续5 a均衡施肥可以显著提高土壤全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷等肥力指标,显著提高小麦和玉米产量。与氮磷钾配合施用相比,氮磷钾与锌肥长期配合施用能显著提高土壤有效锌含量,以及小麦和玉米植株的锌含量;而连续5 a不均衡施肥会导致土壤中某些营养元素耗竭或累积,并使小麦和玉米产量显著降低。长期均衡施肥可以基本维持土壤肥力,并保证小麦和玉米稳产。

By long-term fertilization experiment, the effect of combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc on yield of wheat and maize, on soil and on plant nutrient content were studied. The results showed that the yield and fertility indicators, such as soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen and available phosphorus were significantly increased by a continuous 5 year balanced fertilization. Zinc content in soil and in crops was significantly increased by zinc fertilizer. A continuous 5 year imbalanced fertilization could lead to a reduction or accumulation of certain soil nutrients, which could reduce crop yield. Long-term balanced fertilization could maintain basic soil fertility and ensure stable production of wheat and maize.