生物质炭和氮肥配施对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响

Impacts of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Spinach Yield and Tissue Nitrate Content from a Pot Experiment

施用生物质炭是提高作物产量和氮肥利用效率的潜在有效措施。以菠菜为供试作物开展盆栽试验,研究了生物质炭与氮肥配施对菠菜产量、组织中硝酸盐含量及养分(氮磷钾)含量的影响。生物质炭设3个水平:C0(0g·kg-1)、C5(5g·kg-1)和C10(10g·kg-1),氮素3个水平分别为N0(0mg·kg-1)、N1(90mg·kg-1)和N2(120mg·kg-1)。试验结果表明,在N0和N1水平下,施用生物质炭显著提高了菠菜产量,增幅为16.6%～57.3%,而在N2水平下,生物质炭对菠菜产量无显著影响(P>0.05)。同时,在N1水平下,与C0处理相比,C5和C10处理菠菜组织中硝酸盐含量分别增加了198.7%和233.4%;而在N2水平下,C5和C10处理的硝酸盐增幅分别为8.8%和46.3%。在不同氮素水平下,生物质炭的施用增加了菠菜对氮和钾的吸收,而对磷素吸收的影响不明显。总之,生物质炭与氮肥配施可以提高菠菜产量,明显增加氮肥当季利用效率。

Biochar as a soil amendment is being considered as a potential way to improve soil quality and nitrogen use efficiency.Biochar of this study was pyrolyzed by crop stalks（at 240～360 ℃）.Using a pot trial,we investigated the impacts of biochar and mineral fertilizer on spinach（Spinacia oleracea L.） yield,tissue nitrate and nutrients（N,P and K） uptake by spinach.Biochar had three levels：C0（0 g·kg-1）,C5（5 g·kg-1） and C10（10 g·kg-1）,and nitrogen fertilizer also included three levels：N0（0 mg·kg-1）,N1（90 mg·kg-1） and N2（120 mg·kg-1）.The two factor（biochar and nitrogen fertilizer） were compined freely.Results showed that for the N0 and N1 levels,application of biochar significantly increased spinach yield by ranging from 16.6% to 57.3%,whereas no significant change（P0.05） in yields were observed among biochar treatment in the N2 level condition.Meanwhile,for the N1 level,the C5 and C10 treatments increased tissue nitrate content by 198.7% and 233.4% respectively,as compared to the C0 treatment;on the other hand,when the N2 level was considered,the improvement in nitrate content under C5 and C10 treatments was by 8.8% and 46.3% respectively,relative to control.Irrespective of nitrogen fertilizer treatments,biochar-amended soils improved nitrogen and potassium uptake by spinach,while the effect on phosphorus uptake was not obvious.In conclusion,the interaction of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield of spinach and N use efficiency.