鲜奶零售价格波动规律与趋势预测

Fresh Milk Retail Price Fluctuations and Future Trend Forecasting

近年中国奶业发生了一系列突发事件，原料奶及乳制品价格出现了较大幅度的波动，给生产者和消费者均带来了不利的影响，也阻碍了奶业的健康发展。本文在总结牛奶产量和牛奶价格波动特征的基础上，利用CensusXl2季节调整方法和HP滤波法分析了鲜奶价格的实际数据变动、趋势变动规律、季节性变动和不规则要素以及波动周期。结果表明，鲜奶零售价格呈现出逐年增长的趋势，在每一年内，鲜奶价格在一月份最低，年中回落，第三季度逐渐攀升，具有明显的季节变动特征。鲜奶零售价格的不规则要素的波动随机性较强，不具有规律性。2000年至今鲜奶零售价格分为4个明显的周期，周期平均长度为四年，2006～2008年的波动较为剧烈。本文还利用季节指数预测法和Holt—Winters季节乘积模型对未来两年的鲜奶零售价格走势进行了预测，结果显示，鲜奶零售价格在未来的两年中有明显的上涨趋势。据此提出了形成原料奶按质论价体系，建立价格补贴联动机制及加强食品安全监管等稳定鲜奶价格的政策建议。’

A series of unexpected events occurred in China＇s dairy industry, which caused the price of raw milk and dairy products fluctuating severely. The price fluctuations did harm to dairy farmers and consumers and even the sustainable development of the whole dairy industry. In this paper, based on the them, the cycle from 2006-2008 had strong fluctuations in fresh milk price. Based on the above analysis, we used two forecasting methods： were used seasonal index and Holt-Winters seasonal multiplicative model to forecast the future trend of fresh milk price. The result indicated that fresh will rise in next two years. Based on the above results, some policy recommendations had been put forward.