基于本质安全的化工工艺物质危险指数研究

Study on Material Hazard Index of Chemical Process Based on Inherent Safety

建立了基于本质安全的化工工艺物质危险性的评价体系,包括火灾危险性、爆炸危险性以及毒性等3个评价指数。基于风险的思想,各个评价指数均包括概率指标与后果指标。为了全面反映化工工艺的实际情况,在各个评价指数中均对所有物质的相应指数值加和。参数的取值以以往的指数法为基础,为了消除边界波动效应,取值采用内插法。由于各个指数的量纲不同,针对3个指数分别比较。以生产乙酸的3条工艺路线为例进行分析,结果表明,本法可用于工艺路线的物质危险性分级,以指导设计初期物质的本质安全化设计。

A framework of material hazard assessment of chemical process based on inherent safety is proposed,including three indices,fire hazard,explosion hazard and toxicity respectively.Probability index and consequence index are defined in each material hazard index based on the concept of risk.The three indices are calculated as the sum of the corresponding index value of all the chemicals involved in the chemical process to comprehensively indicate the hazard of the process route.The scoring of the previous indices is cited in this methodology.However,the interpolation method is used in order to eliminate the border fluctuation effect.Due to the different dimension of the three indices,they are respectively compared.As a case study,the three process routes for acetic acid manufacture are analyzed with the indices above.It is shown that the model proposed is feasible and practical to rank the material hazard of process routes to help focusing on inherent safer design of chemicals in early design phase.