列车耐碰撞系统有限元和多体动力学联合仿真

Joint Simulation of Crashworthy Train Set Based on Finite Element and Multi-body Dynamic

研究基于有限元和多体动力学技术进行列车耐碰撞系统设计的联合仿真策略.通过非线性有限元分析获得车辆吸能部件在碰撞时的力—位移关系曲线,以该曲线模拟车辆连挂之间的非线性弹簧特性,运用多体动力学技术进行了两列车的碰撞动力学仿真.通过仿真分析碰撞中列车各车辆间的作用力、变形、速度、加速度以及各个吸能部件的能量吸收等数值,实现了对新设计列车碰撞被动安全系统总体性能的评估.与高速碰撞相比,在中低速碰撞工况下,头车与第2节车体端部连接处吸收的动能占总动能的比例更高.联合仿真能较真实地模拟列车碰撞的全过程,验证了联合仿真策略的可行性.

Based on non-linear finite element and multi-body dynamics,a simulation strategy is developed to solve the crashworthiness design problem for train sets.The relationship of non-linear springs which describe characters of forces-displacements for energy absorbers during crash event is obtained by analyzing non-linear FEA techniques.Then,a simulation was made for collision of two train sets with multi-body dynamics.The results of impact force,deformation,velocity,acceleration and absorbed energy are analyzed to assess the passive safety of whole train set.Compared to the high velocity impact,the medium and low velocity impact can be absorbed a higher proportion energy by the interface between cab and the second vehicle.The results indicate that the joining simulation strategy is feasible and effective to simulate the whole process of train collision.