美国刑事诉讼中强奸被害人的保护及其启示

On the Protection of Rape Victims in the United State and Its Revelation

在美国,强奸被害人在诉讼中处于被歧视的处境,这主要是因为强奸的立法和司法是建立在偏见和误解之上的。为了消除偏见和误解对强奸被害人造成的歧视,美国对强奸被害人采取了特别保护,包括制定强奸盾牌条款、允许使用特殊的专家证据、由女性及受过专门培训的人员办理强奸案件等措施。从美国对强奸被害人的保护中,可以获得两点启示:一是应该对强奸被害人实行特别保护,二是应该兼顾对被告人的保护。

In the United State,the rape victims are discriminated in criminal procedure because the legislation and jurisdiction of rape are based on the preconception and misunderstanding of rape.In order to eliminate the discrimination of rape victims from preconception and misunderstanding,American law adopts special protection,including limiting to inquire a victim’s sexual history,permitting the expert to offer Rape Trauma Syndrome,adopting female and judicial officer of receiving special education to tackle rape case.From the law of rape victims protection in the United State,two revelations can be availed：one is that special protection to the victim of rape must be taken;the other is that the defendant protection should be taken into account.