南京国民政府时期劳工社会保障制度的现代化——以工业劳动者为考察中心(1927-1937)

The Modernization of Social Security System for Workers in Nanjing National Government Period(1927-1937)

南京国民政府时期劳工社会保障制度的内容包括工伤保障、医疗保障、生育保障、退休保障、失业保障、职工教育福利、职工生活福利、强制储蓄保障等。从当时的调查数据可以看出,这些制度得到了不同程度的实施。从现代化理论视角来分析,制度已经包含着现代社会保障制度的一些重要特点,如工业劳动者作为保障对象;立法先行;保障项目齐全。同时,由于受到当时的经济条件和政治形势的制约,它也存在一些现代性的不足,如社会保险发育不足,企业和个人的责任重,制度的覆盖面有限,缺乏强制性等。

The social security system for workers in Nanjing National Government Period includes the occupational accident security, medical security, matemity security, retirement security, unemployment security,workers＇ education welfare,workers＇ amenity welfare,insurance of compulsory deposit,etc.The social investigation shows that the system has been put into practice in different degree.Through a modernization theory perspective analysis,the system has included the important features of modem social security, such as the security object of the workers＇ ,prior legislation, complete projects.Meanwhile,due to limits of the special economic conditions and political situation,the modernity is insufficient in some ways,for instance,the government didn＇t put up the social insurance,the mill-owner and the workers bear a heaven burden;the coverage of the system is limited;the system lacks the compulsive rules.