龚自珍文献学思想论析

An Analysis of Gong Zi-zhen's Literature Thought

作为清末著名思想家,龚自珍有着丰富的文献学思想。他对历史考证学有着客观的看法,从学术发展的过程中论证了考证之学出现的必然性和合理性,赞许乾嘉考证学实事求是的治学方法,同时也指出了乾嘉考证学的流弊。他对彝器、刻石、墓碑、古印、古镜、瓦当以及诗文的文献价值有精到的见解,扩大了史料范围。他主张用小学的手段考订经史,用古器物来订补文献记载的讹错。龚自珍批判学术研究中脱离现实的埋头考证,但又不否认考证之学的重要作用,广泛论定各类史料的价值,明显继承了乾嘉考证学风。

Gong Zi-zhen,as famous thinker of the late Qing Dynasty,was rich in literature thought.During the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods,he analyzed the necessity and rationality of textual criticism and praised the research method of seeking truth from facts with objective view on the study of textual criticism.He also pointed out its disadvantages.He had accuracy and unusual understanding of the literature value of sacrificial vessels,stone inscriptions,tombstones,ancient seals,ancient mirrors,tiles,poems,etc.He proposed to collate the classic history through philology and correct literature errors with the help of ancient utensils.Gong Zi-zhen not only recognized the importance of textual criticism,but also criticized textual criticism that deviated from the reality.He valued many kinds of historical literature.Obviously,he succeeded the style of textual criticism during the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods.