核桃实生群体物候的观测

Observation on phenological phases of seedlings in Juglans regia L.

为给核桃抗晚霜品种的选育和晚花性状的分子辅助选择研究奠定基础,对泰安地区核桃F1实生群体的物候期进行了连续4年的观测。结果表明:核桃实生群体从3月中下旬开始萌动,3月下旬进入萌芽期,4月初至5月初随着叶片展开、新梢生长,混合芽中的雌花及枝条上的裸芽雄花陆续开放,8月下旬至10月初果实成熟,10月中下旬至11月上旬进入落叶期;核桃的物候特征是不同单株固有的遗传特性,不同年份其物候期不尽一致,但各单株上出现的先后次序是相对稳定的,而且,核桃实生群体中不同单株间的各物候时期的变异系数较高,这为晚花抗晚霜优良单株的选择提供了丰富材料。

In order to lay a foundation for the researches on breeding anti-late-frost cultivars and molecular marker-assisted selection of later-flower characters in Juglans regia L.,phenological phases of seedlings of F1 progeny in J.regia L.had been observed for four years in Tai＇an.The results revealed that the germination phase began from the latter half of March.And then,in April and May,with leave expanded and new shoots grew,pistillate flower opened from mixed buds.From the latter half of August to the beginning of October was the fruit ripeness phase.From the latter half of October to the first half of November was the leaf falling phase.The phonological phases happened in the same order among individuals,and the variation were different among individuals in different years,which indicated that there were relatively wide selection range and great breeding potential in progeny populations.Further molecular researches could be done on founding anti-late-frost individuals in the future.