不同滴灌水量对干旱荒漠区酿酒葡萄光合及产量的影响

Effect of drip irrigation pattern on wine grape growth,yield,photosynthesis and water use efficiency in arid desert regions

在甘肃河西走廊干旱荒漠区研究了覆膜与不覆膜条件下不同滴灌水量对酿酒葡萄生长、光合特征及产量的影响。结果表明:在不同滴灌水量下,葡萄新梢长、二次新梢长和主蔓基部直径均随滴灌水量的增加而增大,且覆膜处理下,滴灌水量低于不覆膜处理时,上述3项指标等于或略大于不覆膜处理,说明覆膜有利于葡萄生长。不同滴灌水量下,葡萄净光合速率和蒸腾速率、气孔导度的日变化规律相近,均总体呈下降趋势,而胞间CO2浓度呈降低-升高趋势;滴灌水量为240 mm和300 mm覆膜处理(T1和T2)的光合指标值低于灌水量为360 mm和420 mm的覆膜处理(T3和T4)和滴灌水量为360 mm的不覆膜CK处理。T1处理的水分利用效率高于T2、T3、T4和CK处理。回归分析表明,不同滴灌水量下,葡萄的胞间CO2浓度与土壤水分相关性最高,气孔导度次之,净光合速率和蒸腾速率较低。对不同处理下葡萄产量和品质的研究结果表明,覆膜各处理的葡萄产量高于不覆膜的CK处理,且含糖量以不覆膜的CK处理最高,灌水量最低(240 mm)的覆膜T1处理次之。T1处理是实现葡萄高品质、产量和水分利用效率的最优组合。

A field experiment was conducted in Hexi Corridor arid desert region, Gansu Province, to study the effects of drip irrigation amount on wine grape growth, photosynthesis, water use efficiency, yield and fruit quality under plastic-film and no mulching. The study revealed significant enhancement of primary and secondary new shoot length and main grape vine diameter with increasing drip irrigation amount. Even under low drip irrigation, better grape growth with higher above-3 index was noted in plastic-film mulching than in no plastic-film mulching. Under different drip irrigation amounts with or without plastic-film mulching, the rates of daily net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance tracked a similar trend of continuous decline. However, the rate of intercellular CO2 concentration initially declined and then increased. The photosynthesis indices of plastic-film mulching with 240 mm （T1） and 300 mm （T2） irrigation treatments were not only lower than those with 360 mm （T3） and 420 mm （T4） irrigation treatments, but also that of no mulching with 360 mm （CK） irrigation treatment. T1 water use efficiency was the highest among the treatments. Based on regression analysis, the correlation between intercellular CO2 concentration and soil moisture was the most significant. This was followed by that between intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance, then net photosynthesis rate and then transpiration rate. Grape yield of treatments with plastic-film mulching were higher than no-mulching treatment. Sugar content of grape fruits was highest under no-mulching treatment, followed by T1 treatment. T1 was the optimal treatment for high grape quality and yield production, with the most efficient water resource use.