中国耕地等别分异特性及其对耕地保护的影响

Differential characteristics of cultivated land grade and its effect on cultivated land protection in China

为了深刻地认识耕地质量,科学地进行耕地质量保护与建设,基于中国耕地质量等级调查与评定工作成果及1:50万国家级农用地分等汇总数据库,对比分析了中国省域的耕地质量等别分异特性。该文分析确定了"优等地分布范围小,低等地分布范围广,省际间及省内耕地等别分异规律复杂"的中国耕地等别基本特征;应用标准亩的概念,以全国1等耕地和广东省平均等5.4等耕地为基准,核算出中国标准耕地总量分别为45750.7khm2和68390.2khm2;并结合全国土地利用总体规划给定的2020年各省基本农田保护面积,提出了划定永久基本农田要统筹考虑基本农田保护率的法律要求和各省耕地质量等别实际。基于上述研究结论,建议在土地整治规划、基本农田调整划定、高标准基本农田建设和永久基本农田保护中都要坚持数量质量并重,以耕地等别提升和产能建设为核心,建立动态监测和报告制度。

In order to profoundly understand the cultivated land quality,efficiently protect and improve cultivated land quality,the differential characteristic of cultivated land grade between provincial regions were found out by contrast analysis method based on the results of cultivated land gradation in China and the 1：50 000 national agricultural land gradation database.The results showed that the basic differential characteristic of cultivated land in China was summed up as ＂less area of excellent grade,more area of low grade,and complex differential characteristics between and in provincial regions＂.The total cultivated land of 31provinces in China was calculated as 68390.2 khm2 by using the Standard Area defined as Guangdong Province＇s average grade（5.4 grade）,or 45 750.7 khm2 by using the Standard Area defined as 1 grade.According to the primary farmland protection area of 31 provinces in 2020 in national land use planning,primary farmland protection ratio by law and cultivated land grade in provinces must be plan as a whole.Based on the results,it is suggested that both quality and quantity should be paid attention,and taking grade advance and land capability construction as core role,constituting cultivated land grade and land capability dynamic inspection and report system are all necessary in land rehabilitation programming system,primary farmland regulating,high criterion primary farmland construction and permanence primary farmland protection.