夏季水冷式猪床的降温效果及其对母猪躺卧行为的影响

Cooling effect of water-cooled cover on lying behavior of sows in summer

成年母猪夏季热应激问题一直是困扰现代养猪生产的一大技术难题。该研究利用猪场井水为自然冷源,开发一种水冷式母猪用降温猪床,试验研究不同舍内环境温度(以下简称舍温)条件下,小群饲养母猪的猪床降温效果和母猪对躺卧区域的选择行为。结果表明:舍温31.3℃、降温猪床进水温度21.5℃,猪床内的黑球温度较床外低2.7℃;试验组与对照组相比,母猪的皮肤温度和呼吸频率显著降低;舍温23～27℃,77%的猪选择在舍外运动场上躺卧,舍温在27～31℃时,有50%的猪躺卧在降温猪床内;舍温>31℃时,选择在猪床内躺卧的比例达到75%。随着环境温度的升高,躺卧在降温猪床内猪的头数增多。该降温猪床可有效地减缓猪的热应激反应。

Heat stress for adult sows in summer is a technical problem,which always constrains pig production.A new water-cooled cover was exploited by using the underground water as the natural coolant based on the principle of radiant cooling.The objectives of this experiment were to study the cooling effect of the cover and the sows＇ selective behavior of the lying area under different internal temperatures of the piggery.The results showed that when the ambient temperature of piggery and inlet water temperature of water-cooled cover were 31.3℃and 21.5℃,respectively,the black globe temperature inside the cover was 2.7℃lower than that outside the cover.Compared with the skin temperature and respiratory rate of the control group,that of the experiment group was significantly lower.When the ambient temperatures were between 23-27℃,77% of sows lay on the outside exercising yard of the piggery,when the ambient temperatures were between27-31℃,50% of sows lay under the cover,and when the ambient temperatures above 31℃,75% of sows lay under the cover.The number of sows lying under the cover increased with the increasing of the environmental temperatures.This experiment shows that the water-cooled cover can effectively alleviate heat stress for sows when ambient temperature is above the thermal comfort zone of the animals.