农药雾滴在烟叶叶面上蒸发时间的影响因素

Influence factors of evaporation time of pesticide droplets on different tobacco leaves

开展农药雾滴在作物叶面上蒸发时间的研究是寻找提高农药施药效率的途径之一。选取3种烟叶(T66、NC471和Yun110)作为试验对象,把3种表面活性剂(农乳500#、Fairland2408和Tech-408)分别添加到10%吡虫啉乳油、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、或40%菌核净可湿性粉剂农药药液中,混合而形成液体试验试剂,采用连续拍摄并记录下农药雾滴蒸发全过程的蒸发时间数据。试验表明,农药品种与农药雾滴的蒸发时间没有相关性;无论是否添加表面活性剂,雾滴在T66烟叶上的蒸发时间明显比在NC471和云110两种烟叶上的要短;T66烟叶的气孔数最少而细毛最多,与其他两种烟叶形成明显差异。试验表明,雾滴在叶面气孔数较少而细毛较多的叶面上蒸发时,其蒸发时间较短。烟叶叶面微观构造是影响雾滴蒸发时间长短的因素之一。在农药中添加表面活性剂,可以缩短农药雾滴的蒸发时间。添加Fairland2408后,农药雾滴蒸发时间在T66、云110和NC471上缩短了64～78s;Tech-408使农药雾滴蒸发时间缩短61～74s;农乳500#使农药雾滴蒸发时间缩短12～26s。随着表面活性剂在农药中的添加质量分数的增大,雾滴蒸发时间将进一步缩短。该研究结果,为不同烟叶类型情况下,如何控制叶面对药液的吸收速度,提高农药施药效率,提供了科学依据。

One of the ways to obtain the high efficiency of pesticide spray applications is to study the evaporation time on different crop leaves.Three tobacco varieties（NC471、Yun110,and T66） were taken as experiment subjects.surfactants（Nongru 500#,Fairland2408,and Tech-408） were added into pesticide which were 10% Imidacloprid,70% Mancozeb and 40% Dimetachlone water separately.Droplet evaporation whole process and the data of evaporation time were measured by sequential images after the droplet was deposited.The results showed that there was no significant connection between the pesticide types and the droplet evaporation time on tobacco leaves.No matter surfactants were added or not,evaporation time on T66 tobacco leaves was significantly shorter than that on NC471 and Yun 110.The surface characteristics of the 3 tobacco leaves were investigated and the results showed that T66 leaves had less stomata and more fine fur obvious difference with other two tobacco leaves.Therefore,the tobacco leaves with less stomata and more fine fur could shorten the droplet evaporation time.The tobacco variety and the surface fine structure acted as critical factors that influenced the droplet evaporation time.The experiment also showed that evaporation time of pesticide droplets would be shortened after the surfactants were added.The droplet evaporation time was shortened 64-78 s when Fairland2408 was added.The droplet evaporation time was shortened 61-74 s and 12-26 s when Tech-408 and Nongru 500# was added,respectively.The higher the surfactant concentration went,the shorter evaporation time of insecticide droplets would be.The results above-mentioned will provide scientific basis for how to control the absorbing speeds of leaves and obtain the high efficiency of pesticide spray applications on different tobacco leaves.