葡萄“3414”肥料效应研究

Study on Fertilizer Effect on Grape in "3414" Test

通过连续6年对葡萄采用"3414"完全实施方案的田间试验结果表明:葡萄生长对氮素最敏感,缺氮时磷、钾的作用被掩盖和抑制;缺磷不利于葡萄的生殖生长和糖分的形成,因磷有助于葡萄对氮、钾的吸收;钾对葡萄果实着色以及果粉、糖、酸等性状的形成具有重要作用;过量施肥不利于葡萄品质的提高,还会增加生产成本;因此适量、合理的施肥才可达到显著增产、增收的效果。在各施肥处理中,处理6的各种性状表现最佳且产量最高,可增收6765元/hm2,其最佳施肥量:在每公顷施商品有机肥2250 kg的基础上,N、P2O5、K2O的最佳追肥量分别为225、180、270 kg/hm2。

The fertilizer effect tests in grape field were conducted for continual 6 years through adopting ＂3414＂ completely implemented scheme,the results showed that grape growth was most sensitive to nitrogen,and the effects of phosphorus and potassium were covered and restrained when nitrogen was of lack.Phosphorus was good for the absorption of grape to nitrogen and potassium,and the lack of phosphorus was disadvantageous to the reproductive growth and sugar production.Potassium played important roles in the fruit tinting,fruit power production,and the formation of sugar and acid characters.Excessive fertilization not only was bad for the grape quality,but also increased the cost.Proper and reasonable fertilization could obviously enhance the yield and income of grape.Among all fertilization treatments,the treatment 6 had the best effect and the highest yield,and it could save the cost and increase the economic benefit by RMB 6765 yuan per hectare.In addition,the optimum top dressing application rates of N,P2O5 and K2O were 225,180,270 kg respectively,on the basis of applying commercial organic fertilizer 2250 kg per hectare of grape.