决策模式与日本环境外交--以日本批准《京都议定书》为例

Decision-making Model and Japan's Environmental Diplomacy——Japan's Ratification of the Kyoto Protocol as Case Study

在美国退出《京都议定书》后,日本国内针对是否批准议定书产生了意见分歧:一种意见认为,只有美国批准议定书,日本才能批准。另一种意见则认为,日本应该在全球环境事务中展示出领导者的姿态,即使美国退出,日本也要批准议定书。本文从政策决策的视角来解释日本批准《京都议定书》的立场。文章认为,日本除了受其环境外交的政治目标驱使之外,非政府组织的推动、欧盟的压力以及国内产业界的让步都是促使日本选择批准《京都议定书》的原因。尽管日本批准了议定书,但由于认定议定书对日本不公平,因此日本试图在"后京都时代"脱离《京都议定书》框架。

There was discussion in Japan after US withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol.One group held that Japan should be in line with the U.S.and ratify the Kyoto Protocol if the U.S.ratifies.Another group contended that Japan should ratify the Kyoto Protocol even if the U.S.withdrew because Japan should be a leader on the global environmental issue.This paper explains Japan's stance towards the Kyoto Protocol from the perspective of policy making.The political goal of environmental diplomacy,the push from NGO,the pressure from EU and the concession of Japan's industries were the reasons why Japan endorsed the Kyoto Protocol.However,Japan wanted to break away from the framework of the Kyoto Protocol in the post Kyoto era because Japan thought the protocol was unfair to Japan.