摘要
本文考察了"差点儿"和"差不多"中所含的隐性否定的语义层次,比较了这两个副词在语义结构诸层面(断言、推论、预设、情态)上的同异,得出结论:(i)"差不多VP"和"差点儿VP"的预设意义相同,都是"接近VP";(ii)"差点儿VP"的推演意义是"没有VP",断言意义是其预设和推演的合取;整个格式的语义区间由预设标定下限,由推演标定上限;(iii)"差不多VP"的推演意义是"不一定正好是VP"(包括:"没有达到VP"、"超过了VP"、"正好是VP"),断言意义也是其预设和推演的合取;(iv)"差点儿VP"表示道义情态(庆幸/遗憾),"差不多VP"表示认识情态(不确信/委婉)。
This paper examines the semantic level of the implicit negation contained in the ad- verbs chadianr (nearly) and chabuduo (almost), and compares the semantic similarities and differ- ences of the two adverbs at various levels such as assertion, inference, presupposition and modality. It concludes that: (i) the two adverb constructions "chadianr + VP" and "chabuduo + VP" have the same presupposition "close to VP" ; (ii) the entailment of the construction "chadianr + VP" is "has not VP", and the assertion of the construction is the conjunction of its presupposition and its entailment; and the semantic interval of the construction is lower-bounded by its presupposition and upper-bounded by its entailment; (iii) the entailment of the construction "chabuduo + VP" is "does not just VP" ( includes : "less than VP", "more than VP", and "happens to be VP" ), and the as- sertion of the construction is the conjunction of its presupposition and its entailment too ; (iv) the modality of the construction "chadianr + VP" is deontic (rejoice vs. pity), and the modality of the construction "chabuduo + VP" is epistemic ( not sure or understatement rhetoric).
出处
《语言教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第6期66-75,共10页
Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大研究项目"面向语义搜索的汉语词汇本体知识研究"(批准号:10JJD740008)
国家自然科学基金项目"面向文本推理的汉语语义计算模型研究"(项目号:90920011)的资助
关键词
隐性否定
语义层次
预设
推演
断言
情态(道义/认识)
implicit negation
semantic level
presupposition
entailment
assertion
modali-ty (deontic/epistemic)