陕西省粮食生产基地县粮食供需状况及其生产态势的调查研究

Investigation and study on supply and demand of food and production trend in food-producing base counties of Shaanxi Province

为了解陕西省粮食生产基地县粮食供需状况及其区域粮食安全,在2009年9月份对陕西省三个粮食生产基地县(富平县、武功县和凤翔县)1218户农户的粮食生产、流通、消费和储备等现状进行了现场问卷调查。结果表明:三县粮食自给率、人均粮食占有量、粮食储备量、耕地利用效率和农业技术等方面在陕西省均居于前列,并超过全国平均水平;调查区域小麦产量占到粮食总产量的56%,玉米占到42%,小麦作为主要的口粮能够自给,但食用大米仍需购买;三县粮食商品率较高,粮食供大于需,处于安全状态,但为粮食短缺区域提供的口粮较少,区域粮食安全风险依然存在,应鼓励农民储备充足的粮食,建立正确的储粮观念;关中地区粮食生产基地县占全省70%以上,在耕地面积无法增加的背景下,改善和保育现有耕地的质量、增加单产和提高复种指数、扩大粮食播种比例、加大农业科技投入、提高粮食总产,是确保陕西省粮食供应的重要保障,对陕西省粮食安全乃至国家粮食安全都具有重要的意义。

In order to understand food supply and demand situation and its regional food security in grain production base counties in Shaanxi Province,1218 farmers who lived in the counties（Fuping County,Wugong county and Fengxiang County） were surveyed about food production,circulation,consumption and storage status in September 2009.The results indicate that food self-sufficiency ratio,occupancy of grain per capita,grain reserves,cultivated land use efficiency and agricultural technique of study areas are ranked the first in Shaanxi province,meanwhile they are above the national average;Wheat production accounts for 56% of total grain production,and corn accounts for 42% in study area.Although the wheat can be self-sufficient,rice must be purchased;There are high commercial rate of grain,so,the food is at security,but there is not enough ration to meet other counties that are in food shortage.Regional food insecurity still exists,so we must encourage farmers to store more grain and establish storage sense.The grain production base counties of Guanzhong area account for 70% of the Shaanxi＇s where as the cultivated land area is impossible to increase.In which background,there are many important measures to protect the grain supply of Shaanxi province,such as improving and nursing the quality of current cultivated land,increasing yield per unit area,raising the multiple cropping index,increasing the rate of grain area,increasing investment in agricultural science and technology,improving the grain production et al.Meanwhile those measures can play a very significance roles in food security for Shaanxi and even nation.