天山北坡城镇用地扩展及其空间格局分析

Land expansion of oasis cities and its spatial pattern in north slope of Tianshan Mountain,Xinjiang

以1990和2007年TM/ETM遥感影像为数据源,利用人机交互解译的方法得到研究区2期土地利用现状图,然后采用GIS空间分析技术,对天山北坡绿洲城镇用地扩展及其空间格局进行了分析。结果表明:1990-2007年,土地利用动态明显;耕地、草地和沙地面积变化最大,耕地、林地和草地是建设用地的主要来源。城镇用地、农村居民点及其它建设用地的变化在增长规模上与其它用地相比很小,但其变化幅度与发展趋势却是最明显的。受南部山地的限制,北部平原区是农业用地和建设用地扩展的主要方向。天山北坡各县市土地利用结构变化相似,即以林地和草地比重的下降以及耕地和建设用地比重的上升为主。城市周边的农业用地向城镇用地转化的趋势明显,新增的农村居民点用地主要来源于周围的农业用地和未利用地。根据城镇用地总和扩展系数分析,乌鲁木齐为强扩展型,石河子和昌吉为中度扩展型,其余县市都表现为弱扩展型。

In this paper,using GIS and RS technology,based on TM/ETM Images of two periods of 1990 and 2007,through the man-computer interactive interpretation,the current land utilization map of studying area were given.By the technology of GIS special analysis,the land expansion of north slope of Tianshan Mountain and its spatial pattern were analyzed.The results showed that during 1990-2007,the cultivated land changed more obviously,and cultivated land,grassland and sandy land changed most greatly in this area,and woodland and grassland are the main source of other growth area increasing.The scale of town,rural residential and other construction land changed much less than other land,but their changing emission and development trends were more obvious and the construction land was the irreversible land cover type.Limited by the southern mountains,flat plains of the northern area was the main expansion direction of agriculture land and construction land.From the view of spatial pattern,the change of land use structure of the counties in this area was similar,which decreased the proportion of forest and grassland and increased the proportion of cultivated land and construction land.The trend of Peri-urban agricultural land converted to urban land use was evident,and the new rural residential land came from the surrounding agricultural land and unused land.