客、赣方言中古全浊声母今读不送气塞音塞擦音的性质

On the Unaspirated Stops and Affricates Evolved from MC Voiced Initials in Hakka and Gan Dialects

客、赣方言中某些古全浊声母字今读塞音塞擦音时不送气,一类是口语常用字,今读不送气者有的属不合语音演变规律的例外,如虚词便常有这类读法,有的则是另有古全清声母来源;一类是非口语常用字,今读不送气多通过"音类折合"或"音值移借"的方式从官话借入,而在音类折合的过程中会进行"音类重估"。由于不明上述两类读音性质的差异,有学者对口语常用字"辫"读阴平不送气声母的性质误作普通话影响,及把口语中不常用或根本不用的某些仄声字的不送气特征误作早期音系的底层。

Abstract The paper discusses two types of unaspirated stops and affricates evolved from MC voiced initials in Hakka and Gan dialects, one of which are colloquial words. Some colloquial words, such as empty words, are exceptions to phonological change rules whereas others may have evolved from MC voiceless initials rather than the familiar voiced ones. The other type involves non-colloquial words that have either converted sound classes or borrowed sound values directly from Manda/in, during the process of which the sound class may have been revalued. The confusion of these two types of pronunciations have led to mistakes. For instance, some scholars insist that the unaspirated stop of the colloquial word bian 辫 is a result under the influence of Putonghua, whereas others have mistakenly ascribed the unaspirated stops and affricates of some rare or even dead words to the substratum of the earlier phonological system.