晋语果摄字今读鼻音韵的成因

On Present Nasalized Finals of MC Guo果Group in Jin Dialects

晋西、陕北黄河沿岸的一些晋语里,果摄字今读鼻音韵(包括鼻化韵和鼻尾韵)。从韵类分合关系来看,有的方言果摄和宕江合流,比如佳县佳芦:多=裆■|驮=糖■|左:涨ts■|歌=钢k■|锅=光ku■|和=黄xu■;有的方言果摄与曾梗(深臻)合流,比如绥德名州:多=灯■|驮=疼腾■|左=争■:蒸正～月(针真)■。本文认为这样的读音经历了两个变化过程:一,宕江、曾梗丢失鼻韵尾[-■],分别合流到果摄[*o]、[*]。二,受官话方言宕江、曾梗读鼻音韵的影响,宕江果、曾梗果作为一类一起加上鼻音成分变成了[*a]、[*■]。之后深臻合流到曾梗,于是果=曾梗深臻。第一步属于演变,第二步属于层次。这两个过程在周围的晋语里以文白读形式保存着,而在这些方言里则只有一种形式:开口呼读鼻音韵[*a]、[*■],相当于分文白读方言的文读;合口呼仍读元音韵[*uo]、[*u],相当于分文白读方言的白读。

Abstract In some Jin dialects along the Yellow River area in western Shanxi and northern Shaanxi provinces, words of MC guo 果 group are pronounced with nasalized finals. The present pronunciations of MC guo have merged into the groups of clang 宕 and jiang 江 [ ] in some dialects, or into the groups of zeng 曾 and geng 梗 （including the groups of shen 深 and zhen 臻） [] in others. The author argues that such pronunciations have undergone two processes of change： （1） The groups of dang/jiang and zeng/geng lost their nasal finals and merged into the guo group; and （2） Under the influence of Mandarin where the words of the groups of dang/ jiang and guo/zeng feature nasalized finals, the groups of dang/jiang/guo and zeng/geng/guo merged into one big category with the nasalized element. After that, the groups of shen/zhen further merged into the groups of zeng[geng. Thus the five groups became one. Process （ 1 ） represents evolution whereas （2） belongs to stratum. The two processes can be found in the literal vs. colloquial forms in the surrounding Jin dialects.