试论感情语调的超常韵律特征

A discussion on the prosodic characteristics of the expressive intonation

感情语调具有情韵特征,能传递感情信息。通过用不同模式朗读相同文本,提取感情语调和中性语调的韵律特征并测听对比发现,感情语调的音高、音长、音强等某项或多项出现超常现象。实验表明:这是读者主观体验和"因情求气"获得了承载感情信息的"气韵",也就取得了产生超常韵律的动能;再通过朗读形成的超常韵律特征,使听者感知和读者听觉反馈的心理、生理发生变化而接收到感情信息。感情语调的超常韵律就是情韵特征,因此声象和意象均可反复。研究还发现,在感情语调语意焦点重音边界以及短语或句末声断之后,有时进入感情状态的"气韵"还会继续延伸,所以"声断气连"会起到"此时无声胜有声"和"余韵缭绕"的效应。

The expressive intonation is a phonetic pattern with characteristics of expressive prosody. In the present experiment, informants are instructed to read the same text with different recitation patterns, and the prosodic features of the expressive intonation are extracted. By comparing these features of the expressive intonation with those of the neutral intonation, this paper finds out differences in one or more items of their pitch, duration, intensity, and pause, etc. Through subjective experience and even imagination, readers are able to acquire the 'qiyun' (气韵) which is expressive of connotations full of deep emotions. When reciting or reading aloud the text, the prosodic characteristics of expressive intonation can help listeners or readers receive emotional information physiologically and psychologically. Since the prosodic characteristics of expressive intonation and its related emotional states can be repeated, it can be deduced that the totality of the characteristics equals expressive prosody. The research also shows that, when expressing strong emotions, the emotionbearing silent pause in the middle or at the end of a sentence will create a special expressive emotion.