补充灌溉对半干旱区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Supplementary Irrigation on Potato Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Semi-Arid Area of Gansu Province

采用随机区组设计,研究了陇中半干旱区不同补灌时期及补水量对马铃薯产量形成和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,苗期补水、现蕾期补水和膨大期补水较对照均能显著提高马铃薯产量;补水处理水分利用效率(WUE)均高于不补水处理(对照);其中,现蕾期补水3kg/穴处理产量和水分利用效率增幅最高,产量和WUE分别达19 178.57kg/hm2(较对照处理高21.77%)和52.75kg/(hm2.mm);与对照相比,各补水处理普遍优化了马铃薯各产量构成性状,有利于大薯率和中薯率的提高,单株结薯数和单株薯产量也较高。因此,现蕾期为旱地马铃薯需水关键期,对水分的变化敏感;现蕾期补水3kg/穴,可以作为半旱区马铃薯适宜的抗干旱节水高产种植模式。

Based on field experiments with randomized complete block design in a semi-arid location in Gansu Province,the study examined the effects of the timing and amount of supplementary irrigation on potato yield and water use efficiency（WUE）.The result shows that supplementary irrigation at the growth stages had significant impacts on potato yield and WUE.Potato yield and WUE in supplementary irrigation treatments were all higher than those of the controls.The highest yield and WUE achieved in the experiments were 19 178.57 kg/hm2,which is 21.77% than that of the control,and 52.7 kg/（hm2·mm）,respectively.Compared with the traditional way,supplementary irrigation improved significantly the yield characteristics： higher percentage medium and large tubers,more tuber number per plant,and higher yield per plant.In addition,the results also indicate that budding stage was the most sensitive time of the potato responding to supplementary irrigation,and the optimal supplementary irrigation amount was 3 kg per plant at the budding time.This would be a better cropping management considering both water-saving and high yielding for potato cultivation in semiarid areas.