基于农户尺度的黑河流域下游节水农业和生态治理效果调查研究

Household Based Survey on Effectiveness of Water-saving Agricultural Practices and Ecological Restoration in Lower Reaches of Heihe River Basin

经过10a调水和生态治理,黑河流域发生了明显的变化。调查结果显示,黑河下游地区农业种植结构不合理导致农业用水增加;缺乏资金支持和水价偏低制约节水灌溉的推广;生态治理成果维护风险大,农牧民能否脱贫致富是维护当前生态治理成果的关键因素。研究结果表明,黑河流域综合治理项目恢复的植被在项目结束后有可能被重新开垦为农田,该项目产生的环境成果面临再次破坏的风险。因此,把发展经济、改善教育、提高居民的生活质量与环境修复有机地结合起来是黑河流域农业节水和生态建设工程的重要保证。

Great changes have been taken place in the basin of Heihe river after 10-year allocation of water and ecological restoration,which needs overall and scientific evaluation for future related policy making.The results of our investigation indicate that the agricultural water usage increased substantially because of ineffective farming structure.The promotion of the water-saving irrigation was restricted as lack of financial support in comparison of low water price.There were high risks to keep the current achievement through the previous ecological restoration.Much of the restored vegetation was at risk of being converted once again into farmland and rangeland when the project′s living subsidies ended,which will severely undermine the environmental sustainability achieved through the project.Poverty alleviation would be the key factor to sustain the ecological achievement.Based on these findings,we concluded that successful environmental restoration projects must include both education and economic development components.