中国6个地方鸡种蛋壳质量和超微结构的比较

Comparison of Eggshell Quality and Ultrastructure of 6 Chinese Indigenous Chicken Breeds

实验测定和观察比较同一饲养条件下6个地方鸡种同一天所产的各30枚蛋的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳颜色、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和蛋壳超微结构。结果表明：蛋形指数以茶花鸡、藏鸡和金湖乌凤鸡较合适,基本维持在1.32~1.34;金湖乌凤鸡的蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度分别为0.33 mm和4752.20 g/cm2;6品种蛋鸡蛋壳质量由高到低依次为金湖乌凤鸡、边鸡、泰和鸡、北京油鸡、藏鸡和茶花鸡。泰和鸡蛋壳外表面裂隙数分别比金湖乌凤鸡、边鸡、茶花鸡、藏鸡和北京油鸡多4.37%、11.87%、28.75%、43.75%和32.50%;而金湖乌凤鸡蛋壳外表面裂隙宽仅有0.88μm;藏鸡蛋壳栅栏层厚度所占百分比为63.30%;金湖乌凤鸡蛋壳的乳头数和乳头宽分别为10.67个/μm2和36.32μm。蛋壳外表面的裂隙数、乳头层、栅栏层及晶体层厚度百分比和乳头数与蛋壳强度均呈显著或极显著正相关,而裂隙宽和乳头宽与蛋壳强度呈极显著负相关。

This paper studied several items of egg quality about 30 eggs laid at the same day by 6 varieties of Chinese indigenous chickens which are bred in the same conditions,including egg weight,eggshell color,eggshell thickness,eggshell intensity and eggshell ultrastructural structure.The results showed that the egg shape indexes of Chahua,Tibetan and Jinhu silky chickens that maintained at 1.32~1.34 were more appropriate,and the eggshell thickness and strength of Jinhu silky chickens were 0.33mm and 4752.20 g per μm2.The eggshell quality gradations of 6 indigenous layer varieties from better to worse were Jinhu silky chickens,Bian chi ckens,Taihe Silkes,Tibetan chickens,Beijing-fatty chickens,Chahua chickens.,Besides,the ultrastructure about 6 varieties of Chinese indigenous chickens showed that there were the most cracks on the outer surface of Taihe chickens′ eggshell which was more than 4.37% of Jinhu silky chickens,11.87% of Bian chickens,28.75% of Chahua chickens,43.75% of Tibetan chickens and 32.50% of Beijing-fatty chickens.The crack width 0.88μm on the outer surface of Jinhu silky chickens′ eggshell was the least while the palisade layer′s highest thickness percentage 63.30% was belong to the eggshell of Tibetan chickens.The mammilla number and width were 10.67 per μm2 and 36.32 μm of Jinhu silky chickens.Also the correlation between eggshell quality and ultrastructure represented that the crack number on the outer surface of the eggshell and the percentages of the crystal,mammillary and palisade layers showed the significant or extremely significant positive correlation to the eggshell strength while the width of crack and mammilla showed the extremely significant negative correlation to it.