天然单萜柠檬烯的微生物转化

Biotransformation of Limonene by Microorganisms

天然单萜柠檬烯资源丰富,价格便宜,在日用化工和医药行业已得到重要的应用。近几十年来,以柠檬烯为起始原料的新产品的研究与开发一直受到关注。大量文献报道了微生物能够对柠檬烯进行生物转化,得到系列在化妆品、食品、医药、有机合成等领域有重要应用价值的含氧衍生物。本文系统地综述了柠檬烯的微生物转化菌株和所得到转化产物的结构,分析了微生物对柠檬烯的主要转化途径以及影响微生物转化效率的主要因素。柠檬烯经微生物转化所得到的产物具有区域和立体选择性,并且难以通过人工合成方法得到。对生物转化过程进行系统优化,将有可能实现有用化合物的工业化生产。此外,在转化过程中诱导的高活性酶,尤其是单加氧酶和羟化酶的研究与应用也展现了诱人的前景。

Limonene,a cheap and widely distributed monoterpene in nature,has important applications in daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.In recent decades,the research and development of new products using limonene as the starting material continued to draw much attention.A number of literatures were concerned with the biotransformation of limonene which led to many oxygenated derivatives.These biotransformation products would be more valuable in the fields of cosmetics,food ingredients,drug,and chemical synthesis.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the microbial strains of limonene,their biotransformation products,and the main biotransformation pathways.The influence factors of biotransformation productivity are analyzed in detail.Some regio-and stereoselective biotransformation products are difficult to obtain through a routine chemical process.Hopefully,by optimizing the bioprocesses,the industrial production of these important compounds will become possible in the near future.In addition,the enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of limonene,especially the monooxygenases and hydroxylases,also show an attractive prospect for their potential application in organic synthesis and industry.