不同锻炼阶段与锻炼益处及障碍认知的相关性研究

A Study on Relativity between Exercise Benefits/Barriers and Different Exercise Stages

采用行为转变理论的体育锻炼阶段量表和健康信念模型的锻炼益处及障碍量表(EBBS)对320名城镇社区居民进行了问卷调查,通过文献资料法和数理统计的相关方法,分析了城镇居民的锻炼益处及障碍认知,以及与不同锻炼阶段的相关性。结果表明:居民在不同阶段的分布较为合理,锻炼行为阶段理论能够较为精确地对居民的体育锻炼行为进行解释;居民个体对于体育锻炼的多数益处项目表示"同意"或者"非常同意",说明居民虽然还没有完全形成有规律体育锻炼的习惯,但对于参加体育锻炼的好处有较为充分的认知;居民对于锻炼的障碍项目同意程度稍低,对于个体不参加体育锻炼行为的影响来说,运动障碍的作用比运动益处的作用更强烈;"锻炼环境"等外部因素只能够在短期改变个体的行为,并不能在行为的长期维持上起决定性的作用,而个体的内部因素或者锻炼动机是其锻炼行为改变和维持的主要因素,这为早期的运动干预提供了新的工作思路。

By means of the Phrasal Change Theory Scale of Stage of Change Theory and the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale of Health Belief Model, data were collected on 320 urban residents. Through using the method of literature consultation and mathematical statistics, this paper analyzes the perception of exercise benefits and barriers in urban residents, along with the relativity with different exercise stages. The research results show below：these samples either agreed or strongly agreed with most of the benefit items, reflecting that they felt adequate cognizance about benefits of regular exercising, although they have not exclusively participant exercise activity;these samples fairly agreed with many of the barrier items, this is consistent with suggestion that perceived barriers could be more influential on behavior than perceived benefits;exercise behavior was significantly correlated with the Phrasal Change Theory constructs;the external factor such as exercise milieu could change ex- ercise behavior in the short - time, not a long - term effect, but the internal factor or extrinsic motivation played an important part in changing and maintaining behavior, and according this conclusion some way of thinking and suggestion to step in exer- cise intervention can be given.