百色市壮族大学生体格测量与体成分分析研究

The physical constitution determination and body composition analysis for college students of Zhuang nationality in Baise city

目的了解壮族大学生营养和发育状况,为制定营养改善计划提供科学依据;对生物电阻抗法和传统人体评价方法评价结果进行比较。方法调查对象为480名壮族大学生,年龄为19~23岁。测量身高、体质量、腰围和臀围等体格指标,用生物电阻抗方法测量体成分,并对人体营养状况进行评价;同时用传统方法测量体质指数（BMI）和腰臀比等指标并进行评价,对几种评价结果进行比较。结果壮族大学生身高、体重和体成分存在性别和年龄差异;几种方法测量壮族男性和女性大学生肥胖率的测值：使用理想体质量方法肥胖率分别为1.48%、1.81%;使用体质指数法肥胖率分别为0.99%、0.72%;使用腰臀比法肥胖率分别为3.45%、9.03%;使用生物电阻抗法肥胖率分别为5.42%、15.52%。生物电阻抗方法肥胖检出率显著高于其他传统方法。结论生物电阻抗方法可以测定人体体脂比,在诊断肥胖方面较其它评价体成分的方法更趋合理和科学。同时还可以测量体水分率、肌肉量、骨量和基础代谢率等,有助于客观地评价机体的营养状况。

Objective To investigate the nutritional and developmental status in college students of Zhuang nationality so as to provide scientific basis for drawing up nutritional plans,and to compare of the evaluated results between bioelectrical impedance and conventional humanbody indices determination.Methods 480 Zhuang college students aged 19 to 23 years participated in this study.The students＇body height,body weight,waist and hip circumference were measured.Bioelectrical impedance was used to determine their body composition,and then their nutritional status was assessed.The obtained results were compared with those of the traditional body indices determination methods such as body mass index（BMI） and waist-hip ratio.Results The height,weight and body composition in female Zhuang college students differed from males,as well as in different age groups.The following results obtained from several obesity rates determination for male and female students： using ideal body mass method,the obesity rates were 1.48% and 1.81%,respectively;and with BMI,they were 0.99% and 0.72%,respectively;and with ratio of waist to hip,they were 3.45% and 9.03%,respectively;and with bioelectrical impedance analysis（BIA）,they were 5.42% and 15.52%,respectively.The obesity rates with BIA was significantly highter than those with other methods.Conclusion Bioelectrical impedance can measue the ratio of body fat,and is reasonably and scientifically superior to other methods for diagnosing obesity.At the same time it can benefit objectively assessing such nutritional indexes as the pecentage of total body water,muscle mass,bone mass and basal metabolic rate.