玉米Tuxpeno种质与我国骨干系间杂种优势的关系

Heterosis among Tuxpeno and Chinese Key Inbred Lines in Maize

为了探讨合理利用Tuxpeno种质拓宽我国玉米种质遗传基础的途径,对5个Tuxpeno种质改良系与我国5个骨干玉米自交系进行NCⅡ遗传设计,分析25个组合F1组合之间的杂种优势关系。结果表明:①各杂交组合11个农艺性状中,除岀籽率外,其他性状组合间和配合力间均达到极显著水平,说明Tuxpeno种质之间存在显著差异,各性状受基因加性效应的影响为主;②5个Tuxpeno种质改良系性状中,大19和81565穗部性状的GCA表现优良,同时存在较大产量利用潜力。在25个组合中,有3个组合产量的对照优势为正值。各性状的遗传参数估计表明:加性方差所占基因型方差的比例大小顺序为抽丝散粉期>穗行数>穗粗>秃尖长>穗长>株高>穗位高>百粒重>小区产量。各个性状的加性方差均大于显性方差。研究结果为有效利用Tuxpeno种质提供了重要信息。

Heterosis among five Tuxpeno germplasm and five Chinese elite inbreds were analyzed through NCⅡmating system to explore a rational way to broaden the hereditary basis of maize germplasm in Chinese using Tuxpeno germplasm.The results showed that：（i） the 11 agronomic traits（except seed rate） and combining abilities had very significant difference,which indicated that Tuxpeno germplasm germplasm were significantly different, and mainly affected by additive gene effects.（ii） Da19 and 81565 were the best general combiners for yield traits in Tuxpeno germplasm,and they were the most yield potential inbreds.The values of relative yield heterosis for three combinations were over zero among 25 crosses.The analysis of hereditary parameters of traits showed that the ratio of additive variance to genetic variance was days of flowingnumber of row per earear diameterbarean ear tipear lengthplant weightear weighthundred seed weightyield per plot.The variance of additive effect was higher than that of dominance variance.The study provided useful information for utilizing Tuxpeno germplasm in Chinese maize breeding.