济南地区日光温室养分投入特征和利用状况的分析

Analysis of Characteristics of Fertilizer Input and Absorption in Jinan Greenhouse

本文调查了济南地区日光温室的肥料投入种类、投入量、蔬菜类型、产量等状况,分析了日光温室不同蔬菜生产体系中的氮、磷、钾输入输出特点及其利用状况。结果表明:济南地区日光温室氮、磷、钾养分的平均投入量分别为2683.6、1964.9、2375.1kg.hm-2,投入比例为1∶0.73∶0.89,其中随化肥投入的氮、磷、钾养分分别占总养分的45.6%、75.4%、60.8%。不同蔬菜温室由有机肥和化肥投入的氮、磷、钾养分含量频数分布曲线呈正态分布。氮、磷、钾的养分投入量表现为黄瓜>番茄>甜椒,都存在磷素投入比例过高,钾素投入比例相对较低的问题。日光温室氮磷钾养分均表现为大量的盈余。氮、磷、钾的表观利用率为18.6%、7.3%、31.4%。不同蔬菜作物肥料利用率也有差别,黄瓜、番茄、甜椒的氮、磷、钾的表观利用率分别为14.4%、9.9%、27.4%;17.7%、5.1%、32.1%;29.6%、7.2%、41.3%。

In this paper,the fertilizer input,different vegetables,their output and so on in Jinan Greenhouse were investigated,and the their utilizations were analyzed.The results showed that the average inputs of N,P2O5 and K2O were respectively 2683.6,1964.9,2375.1 kg·hm-2（the ratio of 1∶0.73∶0.89）,among which N,P2O5 and K2O provided by chemical fertilizers took up 45.6 %,75.4 %,60.8 % of the total nutrients.The frequency distribution of nutrient content of N,P2O5 and K2O in the input of chemical fertilizers and organic manure in different greenhouses showed Normal Distribution.In terms of the vegetable varieties,the inputs of N,P2O5 and K2O in different greenhouses were in the order of cucumberstomatoessweet peppers.A common problem was that there was a higher proportion of phosphorus input while a relatively lower input of potassium.It was also discovered that there was a big surplus of nutrients of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the greenhouse system.The theoretical application of them was 18.6 %,7.3 %,31.4 %. Differences existed in the application of fertilizers to different vegetables,with 14.4 % of nitrogen,9.9 % of phosphorus and 27.4 % of potassium in the cucumber greenhouse,17.7 %,5.1 %,32.1 % in the tomato greenhouse and 29.6 %,7.2 %,41.3 % in the sweet pepper greenhouse.