贵州湄潭茶区茶叶机械采摘的技术应用

Study on Application of Tea Machine-plucking in Meitan County of Guizhou Province

为进一步推广茶叶机械化采摘,提高茶叶采摘质量,对贵州湄潭永兴茶场和东南茶场进行机械采摘技术应用研究,结果表明,大宗茶生产过程中,不同采摘方式以双人采茶机采摘效果最佳,手采质量最差;永兴茶区大宗茶采摘时期掌握偏迟,采下原料较大,难以生产出品质较高的产品;东南茶场夏秋茶生产的采摘间隔期为15～18 d,不同时间气候条件差异大,尤其是日照时数、湿度、降雨量、蒸发量等气象要素的变化使相同间隔期内采下的芽叶质量相差甚大,确定采摘适期应考虑这几个气象要素的变化;茶园营养水平对原料质量影响大,适当提高目前湄潭茶区施肥量,改进施肥方法,对获优质机采原料有好的保证。

The application of machine-plucking in Yongxing and Southeast tea plantations in Meitan county of Guizhou province was studied to further promote the tea machine-plucking and improve the quality of tea plucking. The results showed that comparing different harvesting methods in bulk tea production,double tea-plucking machine was the best method,hand-plucking way was the worst.Plucking time in Yongxing tea plantation was a little late,and the fresh leaves was too old to produce high-quality tea.The interval time of summer tea plucking in southeast tea plantation lasted about 15 to 18 days.Different climatic conditions,especially sunshine hours, humidity,rainfall,evaporation,changed the quality of shoots and leaves which plucked in the same interval,so the plucking period should be determined by considering these meteorological factors.The nutrition level of tea plantation was important to the quality of the raw shoots,which could be guaranteed by improving the current fertilizing amount and method in Meitan tea region.