论莱辛的诗画异质观——以里尔克的诗作《豹》为例

Heterarchy of Lessing's Poems & Drawings——With Rilke's Poem Der Panter as the Example

莱辛的《拉奥孔———或称论画与诗的界限》是德国启蒙运动时期重要的美学著作,指出诗与画的界限。他认为诗擅长表现时间艺术,即行为;而画擅长表现空间艺术,即物体。他的理论纠正了屈黎西派提倡描绘体诗的偏向和温克尔曼的古典艺术对静穆的片面看法,把人的动作提到首位,建立美学中的人本主义理想。里尔克是20世纪德国著名诗人,其作品《豹》被视为他最负盛名的佳作。《豹》表现关在铁笼里的豹的形象,抒发作者在探索人生意义时的迷惘、仿徨和苦闷的心情。通过分析这首"咏物诗"的代表作,诠释莱辛所认为的"诗是表达空间的艺术"。

Lessing＇s Laokoon oder ber die Grenzen der Malerei und Poesie is the important aesthetic writing in the period of the enlightenment campaign in Germany,which pointed out the boundary between poem and drawing.Lessing thought that poems could express time art,namely behavior;and drawings could express spatial art,namely object.His theory corrected the deviation to poems by Westlake school and classical artistic features of Winckelmann.The action of people was put at the first place,and people-oriented idea was established in aesthetics.Rilke is a famous poem of Germany in the 20th century,and Der Panter is his most famous work,which describes the image of der panter in the iron cage,and manifests the writer＇s confusion,hesitation and depression in the exploration of life.The article analyzes how Lessing manifests ＂poem expresses spatial art＂ in the Dinggedicht.