司马迁与中国水文化

Sima Qian and the River Culture in China

司马迁是世界东方的大河文明之子,是以江河为视阈梳理中华文明的文化巨匠。在《史记》中,"中国山川东北流,其维首在陇蜀",阐明了山川地理大势与文明多元一体格局的关系;"河灾衍溢,害中国尤甚,唯是为务",治河即治国,故《河渠书》以河为中心;"世隆则封禅","祭名山大川",故《封禅书》折射出大河文明背景下人们的山水文化心理。总之,黄河壮美的山水文化孕育了司马迁,使他成为中国水文化的奠基者。

Sima Qian was the son of the Yellow River in the Oriental world,a cultural magnate who sorted out Chinese civilization with rivers as his perspective.In his Historical Records,he wrote ＂The mountains and rivers in China are flowing northeastward with its headwaters at Gansu and Sichuan provinces＂,which explains the relationship between the geographical orientation of mountains and rivers and the integral pattern of civilized pluralism.＂Floods due to rivers are rampant with China being the most pathetic vicitim so something must be done about it.＂The control of rivers is also the governance of a country.Therefore,Hequ Chapter is centered upon rivers.＂Anyone who makes his country prosperous is destined to be the dominator,＂and＂people pay respect to the famous mountains and big rivers＂.Hence,Fengshan Chapter reflects the mountain and river psyche against the background of thebig river civilization.In a word,Sima Qian was conceived by the mountain and river culture of the magnificent Yellow River,which made him the founder of China’s mountain and river culture.