正念的心理和脑机制

Psychological and Neural Mechanisms of Mindfulness

正念是源于东方禅修的一种有意识、非评判的对当前状态进行注意的方法,也是一种意识状态或心理过程。其早期研究侧重于各种身心疾病的治疗和康复等临床功效,近年来其研究重点逐渐转向各种作用机制。在心理机制上,正念与感知觉敏感性的变化,注意、记忆和情绪的改善有关。在脑机制上,它不仅与额区θ波和枕区γ波以及事件相关电位P300成分的变化有关还与前额叶、扣带回、脑岛等脑区功能激活和结构改变有关。最后,文章指出了目前正念研究在内容和方法学上的不足以及未来研究的方向。

Mindfulness is a set of practice derived from the eastern Buddhism meditation which emphasizes the intentional, non-judgmental and moment-to-moment attention to the present. It is also regarded as a state of consciousness or a series of psychological processes. Early studies usually focused on clinical efficacies of mindfulness. Recently, more attention has being paid to psychological and neural mechanisms of it. According to the recent findings, mindfulness is associated with the change of sensation and perception, and the improvement of attention, memory and emotion. The clinical effects of mindfulness are also underlied by a series of neural mechanisms. The more experienced the participant is, the stronger frontal 0 and occipital ~ change will be. MRI studies suggest that mindfulness will lead to brain activity change and brain structure alteration. To reveal the mechanisms of mindfulness further, more work still need to be done in the future, with the resolvement of methodological problems.