重法禁治虚瞒谎报现象的思考

Reflection on the Severe Law against Hiding the Truth

官吏虚瞒谎报是官僚政治的共相。然而,自古以来,严密的考绩制度并不能有效地解决这一难题。对于重法禁治虚瞒谎报现象,须从中国礼仪化政治的话语体系这一角度来解析。其基本含义是指:在辽阔广袤的国土上,依靠传统的信息工具实现真正的社会控制是不可能的。为此,中国历来更注重的是礼仪上的统一和礼仪上的服从。在这种礼仪化的统治之下,人们真实的利益行为和真实的关系,只要获得礼仪上的说明即可通行。从这种礼仪化的政治形态出发,将整个吏治考绩作为一个话语体系,可归纳为三性:伦理性、权威性和附从性。中国治吏,制度不可不谓精细,设备不可不谓先进,组织不可不谓严密,其难见成效的原因,在于缺乏民主建设。不改集权政治,不改趋潮话语方式,而想尽百计求除去虚瞒谎报现象,乃是缘木求鱼。

Officials＇ hiding the truth is common in bureaucratic politics. However, since the ancient times, rigid performance system has been unable to resolve this problem effectively. In terms of the severe law against hiding the truth, we should analyze from the discourse system of China＇s ritual politics, which means that on the vast territory, it is impossible to achieve real social control by depending on traditional information instrument. Therefore, China always pays more attention to ritual unity and obedience. Under the rule of rituals, people＇s genuine behaviors concerning their interests and genuine relations work if they are explicable in rituals. As a discourse system, the whole official performance can be summarized into three natures according to this ritual political form： ethical, authoritative and subordinate. For China＇s official management there is a fine system, advanced equipment and compact organizations and the reason for its failure is the lack of democratic construction. It is foolish and impossible to try to root out the phenomenon of hiding the truth without changing centralized politics and means of discourse.