论《诗经·周颂》的时代特征

On the Times Characteristics of Zhou Song in Book of Songs

《周颂》是西周特定时代之特定文化背景下产生的诗篇,具有突出、鲜明的时代特征。《周颂》中的周初诗篇强调继承文德、保守天命,体现了周初统治者突出的敬业意识;而西周中、晚期《颂》诗则只强调求福禄于神祖,这反映了周代统治者在不同时期的不同的思想和精神状态。《周颂》宗教色彩、神灵意识淡薄,抒情、描写多针对现实,具有突出的理性特征。这种理性特征是西周思想文化背景的反映,它与《尚书》等史籍中所反映的西周统治者的理性思想是相符的。《周颂》在艺术形式上显示出中国诗歌在形成之初的诸多原始性特征,这与《鲁颂》《商颂》形成鲜明的对比。

Zhou Song is the collection of poems produced in the specific cultural background of western Zhou Dynasty, reflecting ntlers＇ different thoughts and mental states in that typical era with their distinctive characteristics. The poems written in the early West- em Zhou Dynasty emphasize the inheritance of culture and virtue, conservatism and compliance with the fatality, displaying early rul- ers＇ professional dedication; while the poems in the middle and late Zhou Dynasty focus on praying ancestor＇ s blessing, showing the successors＇ degeneration. Little influenced by religion and superstition, Zhou Song is characterized with realistic lyrics and depiction. The rationalism in it is an embodiment of the ideology and culture in Western Zhou Dynasty, consistent with that in historical documents such as Shangshu. Zhou Song unravels many original features of Chinese poetry, sharp contrasted with those in Lu Song and Shang Song, during the formation process of its art patterns.