论陆贾思想与《春秋穀梁传》思想的一致性

On the Identity between Lu Jia's Thought and Thought in Chunqiu Gu Liang Zhuan

陆贾的思想是中正平和的,以仁义教化为根本,主张由黄老刑名之政归向仁政,马上马下异术。陆贾在《新语》中引用《春秋穀梁传》之语"仁者以治亲,义者以利尊,万世不乱,仁义之所治也",作为《新语》第一篇《道基》的结论,而《道基》又是《新语》全书的理论基石,可以说陆贾的思想就是源于《春秋穀梁传》。因此,研究陆贾的思想就可以窥见《春秋穀梁传》的思想的特色。虽然陆贾《新语》第一篇《道基》的结论所引用的《春秋穀梁传》之语"仁者以治亲,义者以利尊,万世不乱,仁义之所治也"不见于今本《春秋穀梁传》,但见于陆贾所用之古文文本之《春秋穀梁传》,故"仁者以治亲,义者以利尊,万世不乱,仁义之所治也"仍可看作是《春秋穀梁传》的中心思想。

Lu Jia＇ s thought is moderate and placid, the essence of which is to cultivate virtue and morality. Lu claimed that criminal penalty be replaced by civilized education and that punishment vary with people. Lu quoted a word form Chunqiu Gu Liang Zhuan in Dao Ji, the first article of Xin Yu, that ＇ virtue education could help them establish good relationship among their relatives, morality education could set up good order for the society, and they both could stabilize the state for thousands of years. ＇ This sentence is also the conclusion in Dao Ji which laid the theoretical foundation of the whole Xin Yu. That means Lu Jia＇ s thought originated from Chunqiu Gu Liang Zhuan. Then, the study of Lu＇ s thought helps to reveal the characteristics of thought in Chunqiu Gu Liang Zhuan. Though this quotation was not found in the modem version of Chunqiu Gu Liang Zhuan, but in the ancient version quoted by Lu Jia. Therefore, it could also be regarded as the main idea of Chunqiu Gu Liang Zhuan.