北京市部分农村饮用水水质和设施卫生状况

Hygienic quality of drinking water and facilities for its supply in rural areas of Beijing

目的研究北京市农村生活饮用水水质、设施卫生状况和相关影响因素。方法在北京市3个区县,采用随机抽样调查的方法抽取652个农村供水单位,进行生活饮用水水质检测和生活饮用水设施卫生状况调查。采用Epidata3.1软件建立数据库,使用SPSS13.0统计软件包进行统计分析。结果共调查供水单位652家,正常运行的供水单位为72.10%,供水单位井口及周围符合卫生学要求的占47.67%,仅有45.77%的单位有消毒设施,有卫生许可证的单位占24.68%。微生物污染是影响水质合格的最重要因素。不同供水设施水质合格情况不同,差异有统计学意义。影响因素包括井口周围卫生状况、消毒设施的配备情况等。结论应加强北京市农村地区的水源保护,使用消毒设施,同时注重设备维护和人员管理,保障农村饮用水卫生安全。

Objective To study hygienic quality of drinking water and facilities for its supply as well as their related factors in rural areas of Beijing.Methods Totally,652 facilities for water supply were selected randomly for the study from three rural districts of Beijing.All the data were input the dataset with EpiData version 3.1 software and analyzed with SPSS version 3.0 software.Results A total of 447（72.1%） of the 652 facilities surveyed with centralized water supply worked normally,and the requirements of the national hygienic standards for drinking water could be met in 47.67 percent of them and 45.77 percent of them with disinfection.And,24.68 percent of them had hygienic license（permit）.Microbial pollution was main factors affecting their water quality up to the standards.Proportion of water quality up to the standards varied with their facilities,with statistically significant difference,including hygienic situation of the surroundings,disinfection equipment,and so on.Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen protection of water sources,to use disinfection equipment for water supply,to maintain equipment regularly and to enhance personnel management and training in order to ensure safe water supply in rural areas.