中国东部陆架海及沿岸地区生态安全评价

An Integrated Assessment of Ecological Integrity of Shelf Sea and Relevant Coastal Areas of Eastern China

陆架海是与人类活动及社会发展关系密切的地带,也是生态环境的脆弱区域之一。本文针对中国东部陆架海及沿岸地区特点,根据多因子大综合指标原则,整合自然和人类活动对东部陆架海产生的多重压力,采用逐层分解的方法,选取生态意义非常明确的指标,构建具有东部陆架海及沿岸地区特点的区域生态安全评价指标体系,对该区域生态安全状态进行评价和预测。计算结果显示,东部陆架海及沿岸区域生态安全总体水平呈现出稳中有升的趋势,但该区域生态安全现状仍处于"较不安全"状态。城市化和经济快速发展背景下的高能耗高污染的现状,是导致东部陆架海区域生态安全总体水平呈现"较不安全"状态的根本原因。

Shelf sea is a key zone connecting human activities across coastal areas and economic development. However, self sea is often of a fragile environment due to complex interactions between human and the environment. The shelf sea and relevant coastal areas of Eastern China are the most important economic region in the nation. Its future status and economic contributions are extremely important to the development of China. Because of the complicity of natural systems over coastal areas and the lack of a thorough understanding of the interactions between sea and land, studies of ecosystem integrity are relatively inadequate compared with other ecosystems. An understanding of the ecological integrity of shelf sea and relevant coastal areas would be helpful for realizing fundamental benefits of China and building a harmonious society. Based on the characteristics of shelf sea and coastal areas of Eastern China and the Pressure-State-Response （PSR） model, and accounting for multiple natural and human-induced pressures, this study constructed an index system of assessing the ecological integrity of the shelf sea and relevant coastal areas of Eastern China. This index system entails a hierarchical structure and a set of indicators which are able to reflect ecological states. Calculation methods involved in the indicator system include qualitative and quantitative assessment methods, Delphi method, and polar standardization method. Results show that the ecological integrity of the study areas tends to increase continually, showing an integrated index of 2008 exceeding that of 2004 by 3.3% and that of 2005 （which is the worst year） by 10.5%. Using data for the period 2004-2008, it was found that in general the ecological integrity of shelf sea and relevant coastal areas of Eastern China will increase, but there will be a range of factors which may result in an unsafe state. High consumption of energy, high pollution, and high speed of economic development are the key reasons leading to a relative unsafe state.