关于GB18218-2009标准中易燃气体临界量分析

Analysis on the threshold quantity of inflammable gas in GB18218-2009

分析了我国重大危险源辨识标准的修订工作及评价方法的研究状况。新标准明确监管对象为危险化学品,并通过设立危险化学品类别及其临界量的方式拓展了监管范围。我国采用的重大危险源评价方法着重关注危险物质的种类和数量,以物质的固有危险性作为评判依据,更符合我国危险化学品现状。利用蒸气云爆炸及沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸两类事故模型对GB18218-2009中临界量的易燃气体可能的致害范围进行模拟分析。研究认为,危险化学品重大危险源的辨识是在物质固有危险性的基础上,综合考虑了事故发生频率、次要危险性、化学反应活性及对环境影响等诸多因素。

The amendment of identification standard and the research on evaluation methods of major hazard installation were analyzed.Compared to the original identification standard,the revised standard was much clearer that the dangerous chemicals were the key superintending object.The amended standard also expanded its superintending scope by setting the dangerous chemicals classes and their threshold quantities.The evaluation methods of our country emphasized the classes and quantities of dangerous chemicals,and the evaluating results were based on the inherent risk of the dangerous chemicals,which was more meeting the superintending situation of our country.The real situation of our dangerous chemicals was complicated,and a larger number of hazard installations distributed throughout the country,which was a diffucult superintending task for our government.Thus,a clear and brief identification standard of major hazard installations was necessary.The damaging range of the inflammable gas in GB18218-2009 with its threshold quantity was simulated and discussed via vapor cloud explosion and boiling liquid expanding vapor cloud explosion.The results showed that the idenfication of major hazard installation for dangerous chemicals was not only based on the inherent risk of chemicals,but also in terms of the accidents possibility,sub-risk,chemical reactivity and pollution to enviroments,and so on.