工人主观幸福感的影响因素研究

Influencing factors on subjective well-being of workers in a joint venture factory

目的了解某中外合资制造厂工人主观幸福感现状及其主要影响因素,为制定提高工人幸福感的干预对策提供理论依据。方法采用总体幸福感量表、社会支持评定量表、自我效能量表、简易应对方式量表以及自编的一般情况量表对某中外合资制造厂635名工人进行现况调查。结果 (1)该制造厂工人的主观幸福感平均水平为100.78±12.66。(2)不同性别主观幸福感没有差异,而婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、工作性质、文化程度、接噪情况的差异均具有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。(3)除了消极应对与主观幸福感呈负相关外,自我效能、主观支持、客观支持、支持的利用度以及积极应对均与主观幸福感均呈正相关(P﹤0.01)。(4)多元回归分析表明,影响该制造厂工人主观幸福感的因素依次为消极应对、积极应对、自我效能、失眠以及吸烟。结论影响该制造厂工人主观幸福感的主要因素是应对方式、自我效能、社会支持、失眠和吸烟情况。综合性的干预措施尤为重要。

Objective To study the subjective well-being among the workers in a joint venture,and main influencing factors,so as to explore appropriate intervention to improve workers＇ subjective well-being.Methods Six hundred and thirty eight workers in a joint venture factory were investigated by General Well-Being Schedule,Social Support Rating Scale,General Self-Efficacy Scale and Simple Coping Style Scale,as well as the basic information.Results（1） The general level of subjective well-being of the workers was 100.78±12.66.（2） Workers with different marriage status,smoking or non-smoking,drinking or non-drinking,different job features,education and the level of exposure to noise,all the above factors might cause different scores in subjective well-being,the difference had statistic significance（P0.05）.However,there was no difference between genders.（3） Correlation analysis showed that self-efficacy,social support and coping style were closely related with subjective well-being（P0.01）.（4） Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that variables that influenced workers＇ subjective well-being were：negative coping style,utilization of support,subjective support,self-efficacy,insomnia and smoking.Conclusion Factors that mainly influenced workers＇ subjective well-being were： coping style,self-efficacy,social support,insomnia and smoking.Comprehensive intervention is very important.