我国高校招生志愿填报机制的经济学思考——梯度志愿、平行志愿和实时动态志愿的比较

The Economic Perspectives of Application and Admission Process in the National College Entrance Exam:Tier Choices,Parallel Choices and Real Time Dynamics Application

本文运用博弈论方法,比较分析了梯度志愿、平行志愿与实时动态志愿之间的优劣,然后基于经济学理论为我国高考志愿填报机制提出了一种改革方向。基本结论如下:(1)不完全信息的梯度志愿应该在高考志愿填报和录取机制中逐步淘汰。(2)平行志愿推进了公平与效率,但还存在继续改进的空间。(3)实时动态志愿能够兼顾公平与效率,更重要的是,当赋予高校一定的招生自主权时,它也是一种较为理想的填报模式。因此,实时动态志愿可能将成为我国志愿填报改革的方向和目标。

Adopting the game theory, this paper analyzes three types of application and admission process in the National College Entrance Exam （NCEE）, which include tier choices （TC）, parallel choices（PC） and real time dynamics application（RT）. Based on some economics theory, this paper provides some useful and practical suggestions on the application and admission mechanism reform. The conclusion is summarized as follows. First of all, TC mode should be phased out in NCEE. Secondly, PC mode promotes fairness and efficiency, but still need to be improved. Thirdly, RT mode is not only fair but also efficient, even under the diversified valuation standard. Therefore, RT mode may become a direction and mission in NCEE reform.