丹江口库区坡耕地不同作物对土壤溅蚀的影响

Effects of different crop systems on soil splash erosion from sloping land in Danjiangkou Reservoir region

选取位于丹江口库区的代表性坡耕地,通过野外调查与室内分析,研究种植不同作物(黄姜、红薯、芝麻与玉米)对土壤溅蚀的影响,同时探讨土壤溅蚀与作物株高、覆盖度及其土壤含水量、温度的相关性。结果表明:在作物生长前期,各处理土壤溅蚀差异不显著;在生长盛期,种植作物显著降低土壤溅蚀,其中相对于对照处理,黄姜处理降低幅度最小,芝麻与玉米次之,红薯则最大。相关分析表明,土壤溅蚀与作物覆盖度、土壤含水量及土温呈显著的一元二次曲线相关。因此,种植作物改变了坡耕地局部空间格局,使降雨发生空间再分布。

A field experiment was conducted on typical sloping land in Dangjiangkou Reservoir region.The effects of different crop types on soil splash erosion were studied and its relationship with crop height,crop cover,soil moisture and soil temperature at 5 cm depth were discussed.The results indicated that planting crop had significant effect on soil splash erosion.There was no significant difference in soil splash erosion among different treatments during the primary stages of crop growth,but planting crop could significantly decreased soil splash erosion in the vigorous stages of crop growth.Compared to CK,the decrease amount of soil splash erosion in Ipomoea batatas treatment was the largest,followed by Cortex cinnamom and Zea mays L.,and in Rhizoma curcumae Longae treatment was the least.Regression analyses indicated that soil splash erosion greatly correlated with crop cover,soil moisture and soil temperature with quadratic equation.Therefore,it can be concluded that planting crop could change the spatial pattern of sloping land,which will affect the redistribution of rainfall.