我国农村寄宿制中小学运行成本分担问题研究——基于公共产品理论的视角

A Research on Operation Cost-Sharing of Boarding Junior Middle School and Primary School in Rural Areas in China:Based on the Theory of Public Goods

教育成本包括固定成本和变动成本两个方面,农村寄宿制学校运行成本的主体是变动成本。近年来,各地都在大力新建、改造农村寄宿制学校,而各级政府则成为固定成本的承担主体。但是,政策制定者对寄宿制学校运行成本的变化却关注甚少。在实际操作中,大量的运行成本却隐形地转嫁到学校、教师及学生家庭,危及了义务教育的公平。寄宿制学校教育作为完成农村义务教育的一种特殊形式,也应该属于公共产品。由此,政府需承担寄宿制学校的新增运行成本,以确保义务教育的均衡发展和教育公平的实现。

Education cost consists of fixed cost and carrying cost. The carrying cost is the main body of operation cost in rural boarding school. In recent years, governments at all levels have been the main body of fixed cost. They newly build and rebuild boarding schools. However, policy-makers have pay less attention to the changing operation cost. In practice, much of the carrying cost have been distributed to school, teachers and students＂ family secretly by a special form, so as to influence equity of compulsory education. As we know, compulsory education is a kind of public goods, so does the boarding school education, as a special form for completing rural compulsory education, thus deciding that government must bear the additional operating costs of boarding schools, ensure balanced development of compulsory education, and ultimately achieve educational eqmty