论契诃夫戏剧的静态性

On Chekhov's Static Plays

契诃夫戏剧独特的艺术表现手法使其戏剧作品呈现出静态性美学特征。静态性的获得是契诃夫戏剧走向成熟的重要标志。契诃夫戏剧的静态性呈现为人物行动的阻滞、对话交流的隔阂、言语的停顿,以及环境背景的抒情氛围的烘托等方面。静态性淡化了人与人之间外在的冲突,强化了人与环境、人与时间的冲突。这是契诃夫戏剧静态性特征的内在本质。静态性戏剧体现了契诃夫对人的荒诞的生存状况的忧虑。在时间面前,人丧失了行动的意义,等待成为契诃夫戏剧的重要主题。自19世纪末以来,静态化是戏剧发展的一个趋势。契诃夫戏剧的静态性特征体现了这一趋势,并对20世纪戏剧的发展产生了深远的影响,荒诞派戏剧将契诃夫戏剧的静态性特征发挥到极致,而中国现代剧作家在其艺术风格发展过程中,也借鉴了契诃夫戏剧对静态性的追求。因此,契诃夫戏剧的静态性是他对20世纪以来世界戏剧艺术的发展产生深远影响的一个重要方面。

Chekhov achieves the maturity of his plays by making them static,an artistic expres-sion unique of Chekhov.The static quality of his plays is exhibited in his characters＇incapabilityof taking action,the ineffective verbal communication and the staging set off by a lyrical atmos-phere.By making the play static,Chekhov emphasizes less the external conflict between the char-acters,but more the conflict between man and his environment or that between man and time,which are taken as the essence of Chekhov＇s static play.The static play indicates Chekhov＇sdeep concern over man＇s absurd living condition,under which man can not find the meaning ofhis action with the passage of time.Consequently waiting becomes the theme of the play.As amatter of fact,the static play has become the trend of drama since the end of the 19th century,and Chekhov goes with the trend and therefore exerts his influence over the 20th century drama.The Theatre of the Absurd has succeeded the static quality of Chekhov＇s drama by taking it to ex-tremes.Similarly,Chinese playwrights also learn from Chekhov＇s unique achievement in theirown exploration of artistic expression.Chekhov thus deserves the respect of the world for his con-tribution to the 20th century.