现实与真实之间:普希金创作叙述的时空视点分析

Between Reality and Authenticity:An Analysis of Pushkin's Creation from the Spatiotem-poral Perspective

长期以来,我国文艺理论与批评界一提到现实性和真实性,通常会很自然地联想到现实主义艺术。其实,浪漫主义作品由于其在叙述视角上的独特性,可以超越现实意识形态环境,在表现真实的程度上并不逊色于现实主义作品。本文将着眼于19世纪俄罗斯著名诗人普希金的浪漫主义代表作《鲁斯兰与柳德米拉》和现实主义诗体小说《叶甫盖尼.奥涅金》这两部作品,运用俄罗斯著名符号学家Б.А.乌斯宾斯基提出的艺术文本结构的视点理论,重新审视文学创作的现实性与真实性,尤其是浪漫主义作品的真实性同时,本文指出现实主义作家创作的视点与现实之间保持的是共时性的内视点关系,即作家是对自身所处现实的再现,而浪漫主义作品不在于反映现实生活,它们对富于主观幻想性的内心世界的表现往往超过对客观世界的反映,因而其对现实的再现多采用"未来"的或者"回溯性"的外视点,并且不受任何现实的羁绊,因此反而更加真实。

At the mention of reality and authenticity,scholars of literary theories and criticism inChina have,for quite a long time,associated them with realistic arts.Romantic works,as a mat-ter of fact,with their unique narrative perspective are by no means inferior to realistic works in theexpression of authenticity as they can go beyond the realistic ideological environment.The presentpaper applies Uspenskij＇s perspective theory on structure of artistic texts to the analysis of Push-kin＇s romantic work Russlan and Ludmilla and realistic work Eugene Onegin with an aim to re-ex-amine reality and authenticity of literary creation,particularly the authenticity of romantic works.It is argued that realistic writers look at reality from a synchronic internal point of view.That is,realistic works are the representation of the reality their authors are in.Romantic writers,howev-er,instead of aiming to reflect reality,are more concerned about the expression of their innerworld rather than the representation of the outside world.As a result,they often adopt future or retrospective external point of view to represent reality without being restrained by reality;thus ro-mantic works are more authentic.