辛亥革命时期华侨经济援助的地域变迁及其原因

A Study on the Geographical Change And Its Reasons about the Economic Aid of Overseas Chinese for the 1911 Revolution

辛亥革命的成功有赖于海外华侨的支持,特别是经济方面的支持。如果从历史地理学角度来考察,不难发现,在辛亥革命的不同历史阶段,海外华侨的经济援助实际上呈现出不同的地域特点:在革命开端时期,华侨经济援助主要以美国、日本、香港等地为中心地;在革命发展时期,南洋则成为华侨经济援助主要来源地;而至革命高潮时期,华侨经济援助又由南洋向美洲扩展;到了巩固革命成果时期,随着革命影响的扩大,呈现出世界各地华侨积极捐助的新局面。进一步的研究表明,正是由于革命领导人个人海外经历与人脉、海外华侨居住地距离我国远近的地缘关系、各地华侨的数量及经济实力、改良派与革命派势力的变化等多种因素综合作用,华侨经济援助来源地才产生了明显的地域变迁。

The success of the 1911 Revolution mainly depends on the support of the overseas Chinese, especially economic support. It is found that in different historical stages of the revolution, overseas Chinese economic aid presents different geographical characteristics from the perspective of historical geography. In the beginning period of the revolution(November 1894-August 1905), the United States, Japan and Hong Kong were the centers of the aid; in the development period (August 1905-May 1908), Southeast Asia became the main source of the aid; in the high tide period (May 1908-April 1911), the aid spread from Southeast Asia to America; in consolidating revolution achievement period (April 1911-May 1912), along with the widening of the influence of the revolution, overseas Chinese all over the world became more enthusiastical in donations. Further research suggests that the overseas Chinese economic aid experienced much geographical change, due to the comprehensive function of many factors, such as the revolutionary leaders' overseas experience and personal contacts, the geopolitical relations between overseas Chinese residence and the motherland, the number and economic strength of overseas Chinese, and the change of forces between reformists and revolutionaries.