犹太“隔都”起源考

The Origin of Jewish "Ghetto":An Examination

作为欧洲犹太社会从传统向现代转型时期的组织形式,"隔都"反映了散居犹太人的生活方式与文化形态,因此对犹太历史而言是个绕不开的关键概念。而在"隔都"起源问题上,已有研究或含糊其辞,或错谬频出。本文通过对几项"隔都"法令的解读,认为真正意义上的"隔都"始自1516年的海上强国威尼斯,随后在反宗教改革的天主教会的大力推广下,欧洲犹太世界开始了一场"隔都化"运动。就其本质而言,"隔都"这种新型反犹形式是不同族群、宗教之间偏见与歧视的产物。

As the organization of Europe Jewish Societies from tradition to the modernity,'Ghetto' concentrated life-style and cultural-pattern of the Diaspora Jews.By the studied of some ghetto laws,this article holds that the first truly ghetto comes from the sea power Venice in 1516,later Catholic authority in the counter-Reformation popularized it.And then,Europe Jewish world soon became ghettoized.