三论武乙、文丁卜辞

THE THIRD DISCUSSION ON THE ORACLE INSCRIPTIONS IN THE REIGNS OF KINGS WU YI AND WEN DING

1973年春、秋两季，中国科学院考古研究所安阳工作队在安阳小屯南地进行了两次重要发掘，共开探方21个，发掘面积430平方米。在这一年度的发掘中，共发现刻辞甲骨5335片（整理后数字），是新中国成立后最为重要的一次发现，为学术界所瞩目。1975年，我们发表了《1973年安阳小屯南地发掘简报》，对发掘和所出甲骨情况做了扼要报道。

In the autumn 1976,the renowned Fu Hao's Tomb was excavated in Yinxu Site,Anyang.Fu Hao was a legal spouse of King Wu Ding武丁 and her name was seen in the oracle bone inscriptions.However,'Fu Hao' was not the proper name of a person but that of the ruling family of the state from which she came.The name 'Fu Hao' was also seen in the oracle bone inscriptions traditionally regarded as that of the periods of Kings Wu Yi武乙 and Wen Ding文丁 of the Shang Dynasty.Because Fu Hao's Tomb belonged to the reign of King Wu Ding,the researchers represented by Professor Li Xueqin brought forward the date of the oracle bone inscriptions traditionally regarded as that of the periods of Kings Wu Yi and Wen Ding(which they called 'The oracle bone inscriptions of Li Group')to the late period of the reign of King Wu Ding through the reign of King Zu Geng 祖庚,which brought about a long-lasting dispute in academic field for over three decades.We have published two papers Lun Wu Yi Wen Ding Buci论武乙文丁卜辞(The Discussion on the Oracle Inscriptions in the Reigns of Kings Wu Yi and Wen Ding)and Zai Lun Wu Yi Wen Ding Buci再论武乙文丁卜辞(The Second Discussion on the Oracle Inscriptions in the Reigns of Kings Wu Yi and Wen Ding)to state and discuss the issues about the inscriptions of this group,such as the types,appellations,genealogy,stratigraphy,event categories,and 'identical names in different times',etc.,and pointed out that the so-called 'oracle bone inscriptions of Li Group' were created in the reigns of Kings Wu Yi and Wen Ding.In 1986 through 2004,some oracle bones were unearthed in and to the south of Xiaotun Village,among which the ones with the inscriptions of the 'Li Group' were found.Their stratigraphic contexts proved again that the so-called 'oracle bone inscriptions of Li Group' only appeared in Phases Ⅲ and Ⅳ of Yinxu Culture;meanwhile,the appellation of 'San Zu三祖(the Three Ancestors)' was used in the 'oracle bone inscriptions of Li Group',and the sequence of the recipients on the sacrifice offering ceremonies was 'Xiao Yi小乙 — 'Three Ancestors' — Fu Ding(Father Ding)'.This is the undeniable proof of the conclusion that the so-called 'oracle bone inscriptions of Li Group' belonged to the reigns of Kings Wu Yi and Wen Ding.Based on this,we for the third time discuss the issues on the types,appellations,genealogy,stratigraphy,event categories,rejoining,'identical names in different times',the time of appearance,the functions of the script styles in the dating,etc.of oracle bone inscriptions to confirm that the main body of the so-called 'oracle bone inscriptions of Li Group' were created in the reigns of Kings Wu Yi and Wen Ding.In the dispute about the date of the 'oracle bone inscriptions of Li Group',Professor Li Xueqin put forward the 'two-system hypothesis' which suggested that the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yinxu Site was developed separately in the 'Village South' and 'Village North' systems,the 'oracle bone inscriptions of Li Group' was in the 'Village South' system and it was dated before the 'No-name Group'.This 'two-system hypothesis' clearly went against the stratigraphic principles in archaeology and did not conform to the facts of the oracle bone inscriptions.