第四纪地层中断层同震错动行为的离心机试验研究

Centrifuge modeling on the behavior of co-seismic fault dislocation in the Quaternary stratum

运用试验地球物理学的原理和方法来研究认识当地震发生时在第四纪地层中断层同震错动行为的有关特征,为减轻地震灾害相关问题进行基础研究.原创了在试验模型中预制断层的方法来模拟第四纪地层中存在的断层,用离心机模拟试验研究第四纪地层中不同活动年代、不同上断点深度断层的同震错动行为,特别是地表破坏(地表形变和破裂)特征,取得了新的明确认识,给出了不同场地条件下建设工程应对地震地表破裂造成直接破坏的避让距离.因此这项工作不但有着基础科研意义,而且具有对工程建设防震减灾的实际应用意义.

In this thesis, a series of centrifuge model tests focusing on the behavior of co-seismic fault dislocation in the Quaternary stratum are reported and discussed. An original technique that embeds a pre-existing fault in the centrifuge model is proposed and adopted. Faults with different activity ages or with different embedding depths in the Quaternary stratum were simulated by changing the depth of the tip of the pre-existing faults in the centrifuge model. The process of fault dislocation, fault rupture propagation, characteristics of the ground surface rupture, and the ground surface deformation are studied. Based on the centrifuge test results, setback distances in different ground conditions are identified.